Geology The purpose of this paper is to answer a few questions regarding the topic of blogger.com format that this paper will utilize is to first identify the question then provide a brief answer. 1. Currently, approximately how many islands are part of the Caribbean Island Arc system? In this paper, we see how Rome’s geology is a result of evolution and movement in the areas of the Earth’s structural metamorphosis over several hundred million years. As stated above, the geology of Rome is highly complex, and this is largely a result of a series of volcanic eruptions, occurring over the past million years, along a chain north of Rome in recent geological history Long Island Geology Research Papers on the Web. A number of undergraduate and graduate research reports, miscellaneous research projects as well as theses at SUNY Stony Brook have been placed on the web. Links to these sites are given below
Geology of Rome, Research Paper Example | blogger.com
The term volcano is used to refer to a rupture in the crust of a body the size of a planet, for example Earth, allowing hot gases, volcanic ash and lava to escape from inside the body Gilbert, The term volcano also refers to the mountain or cone of materials that have escaped from inside the geology research paper example and accumulated around the rupture through which they escaped.
The process of escape of materials from inside the body and their accumulation around the rupture is called volcanic activity. A volcano can be active, dormant or extinct, depending on the frequency of its eruption. An active volcano is one that is undergoing the process of eruption. The process by which volcanoes form is described using the theory of plate geology research paper example. According to the theory, geology research paper example, the crust of geology research paper example earth is not a spherical shell; rather, it is composed of rigid plates that float and drift across the surface of the earth relative to each other Rafferty, A single plate can be an ocean basin, geology research paper example continent or a combination of a continent and an ocean basin.
However, chances of a plate being a continent alone are rare as it would mean that the boundaries of the plate would be at all the edges of the continent, which, practically, is not possible, geology research paper example.
Therefore, only ocean basin plates and those that occur as combinations of continents and ocean basins exist. The convectional currents carry towards the surface of the earth the heat energy generated by the nuclear activity at the centre of the earth Rafferty, The movement of the plate tectonics results in either the divergence or the convergence of plate boundaries, the processes both of which are responsible for volcanic activity. Volcanic activity is triggered when the pressure from the interior of the earth overcomes the weak boundary that forms to fill the space left by two diverging plates, called divergent plate boundary.
When the geology research paper example currents in the interior of the earth causes two tectonic plates to move relatively away from each other, hot molten rock cools and solidifies, forming a new ocean crust Rafferty, However, the ocean crust so formed is vulnerable to rupture as it is, unlike the diverged plates, very thin and weak.
Consequently, the pressure from the interior of the earth easily adiabatically expands and partially melts the mantle, geology research paper example, causing it to rupture.
In situations where the mid-ocean ridge happens to be located above the sea level, a volcanic island, rather than a new seafloor, is formed.
Another cause of volcanic activity is the convergence of two tectonic plates. When convectional currents cause a continental plate and an oceanic plate to approach each other, the eventually of which is a collision of the two plates. Geology research paper example the oceanic plate is relatively lower than the continental plate, the ocean plate ends up being submerged under the continental plate.
The result of this submergence is the formation of a deep ocean trench at the offshore. The submerging oceanic plate releases water. Water lowers the melting point of the overlying rock, causing it to melt into Silicon-rich magma Rafferty, A third way — unrelated to tectonic plates — in which volcanoes form is one that results from the formation of volcanic sites or volcanic hotspots by mantle plumes.
The hypothesis around the so-called mantle plumes is that they are columns of high temperature materials rising from the boundary between the core and the mantle of the earth, in a confined place causes melting in high proportions Gilbert, The so-formed types of volcanoes tend to be dormant because tectonic plates move across them, covering the plumes for a long period of time, and advances over them after a very long period of time over ten thousand yearseventuality reactivating them.
The nature of volcanic eruptions varies from one volcano to another. The variation in eruption is attributed the difference in the content of magma associated with every volcano.
If the Silica and gas content of the magma in question is substantially low, then the magma is runny and therefore easily forces its way out of the interior of the earth Lopes, The resultant lava easily flows and spreads on the surface of the earth.
On the other hand, according to Lopes, if the Silica and gas content of the magma under consideration is high, the resultant volcanic activity is characterized with violent explosions However, sometimes the magma is too thick and viscous that it ends up blocking the rupture or volcanic vent, resulting in a failed volcanic activity; of course unless the pressure is in the interior of the earth is high enough to overcome the blockage, in which case the resulting explosion is very violent.
Volcanic eruptions are geologically classified into four chief phases: Hawaiian, Strombolian, Vulcanian and Peleean eruptions Lopes, In the Hawaiian form, geology research paper example, the magma is very low in Silica and gas; therefore, runny lava escapes out in the form of a fountain — geology research paper example eruption is not explosive.
In the Strombolian phase, the lava is thick and viscous but successfully escapes to the surface. However, the lava is too thick to form a defined fountain; rather, it is ejected continuously, accompanied with mild explosions. The dome, geology research paper example, which is formed in this phase, is showered with molten drizzle by ash and lava. When the magna fails to reach the earth, and, therefore, ends up blocking the volcanic vent instead, the phase is described as Vulcanian, geology research paper example.
If, in the Vulcanian phase, the pressure builds up to a level high enough to unblock the volcanic vent. A very highly explosive eruption occurs, hurling out tons of semi-molten lava skywards, forming a cloud of vapor over the crater. More violent than the Vulcanian phase is the Pelean phase. Pelean eruptions are characterized with outbursts of explosions that generate a dense mixture of very hot rock and gas, known as pyroclastic flow. A steep sided dome is formed by the thick viscous lava.
Pelean eruption typically continues for a couple of years, sometime after which the dome may collapse Lopes, Volcanic eruptions are often cause heavy rains. The steam, a component of a volcanic eruption, rises into the atmosphere and condenses into clouds. The clouds later fall to earth in the form of rain. The rain is usually contaminated with Carbon Dioxide, Fluorine, Radon and Hydrogen Sulfide, all of which are also products of volcanic eruption.
A consequence of the escape of material from the interior of the earth in a volcanic eruption is the formation of a void in the space initially occupied by the escaped material. This leaves the central part of the volcanic cone unsupported and, thus, the wall of the vent and the crater become susceptible to collapse. The typical notion of a volcano as a cone-shaped mountain emitting gases and lava from a crater at its peak is only one of the many variations of volcanoes.
Lava domes result from gradual eruptions of highly thick and viscous lava. The lava is too thick and viscous to flow significantly far away from the vent of the volcano, geology research paper example. A lava dome looks like toothpaste protruding from the vent, geology research paper example. Continued volcanic activity increases the mass of the protrusion. Lava domes can form in craters or away from craters. As its name implies, a shield volcano is a wide volcanic feature with a profile that resembles a geology research paper example. Shield volcanoes occur in oceans more than on continents as magma of low viscosity is characteristically low in Silica content.
Composite cones, also called Stratovolcanoes, are high conical volcanic mountains composed strata of layers of lava-flow and other ejected materials such as ash and cinders. The lava spreads on top of ash and cinder, on which it cools and solidifies. The process recurs in the next eruption and happens again in the next eruption. A cinder cone is a cone-shaped steep hill made of cinders, volcanic ash or volcanic clinkers that have formed around the vent of a volcano.
The material that make up a cinder cone form from the breakage into small fragments and solidification of gas charged lava that has been blown into the air either in a fountain or in an explosive eruption. A tuya is a flat-topped mountain that forms when the icecaps covering flat lava the lava that flows on top of a pile of lava and palagonite melts. The melting of the icecaps makes the overflowing lava collapse, leaving in its place a flat-topped mountain called a tuya.
Volcanic activity poses a threat to humans and the ecosystem around which the volcanic activity take place. Gases from the interior of the earth are release into the atmosphere in a volcanic eruption. Some of the gases are Sulfur Dioxide, geology research paper example, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen Fluoride, Carbon Dioxide and water vapor. Ash is also emitted alongside the gases, geology research paper example.
The gases released into the atmosphere cause acid rain. This ash can pose a threat to aviation. Geology research paper example gases and ash also cause respiratory complications to humans and animals.
Violent volcanic eruptions can cause a direct and immediate destruction to the surrounding ecosystem and even the death of humans. The lava that is usually released in an eruption is usually extremely high in temperature, high enough to kill humans and animals by just burning if not evacuated in time.
Further, the lava is usually released in very high quantities and, therefore, end up falling and spreading over vast areas of land, burying the surrounding plants and animals, geology research paper example. Green, J. Volcanic landforms and surface features: a. Lockwood, J. Volcanoes: global perspectives, geology research paper example. Rafferty, J. Plate Tectonics, Volcanoes, and Earthquakes, geology research paper example.
The Rosen Publishing. Sheets, P. Volcanic activity and human ecology. melt inclusion and volcanic gas data. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research1 Home Blog Academic Writing Sample Geology Research Paper on Volcanoes.
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A geology research paper is one that zeros in on exploring the physical characteristics of the surroundings, including mountains and lakes. They are essential papers for geology students since they have an impact on their final grades. That is why topics for 25 rows · 11/10/ · Ideas of geology topics for a paper If you find it difficult to come up with Long Island Geology Research Papers on the Web. A number of undergraduate and graduate research reports, miscellaneous research projects as well as theses at SUNY Stony Brook have been placed on the web. Links to these sites are given below
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